Telegraphy.



PATENTED JUNE 2, 1908.

I. KITSBE. 'TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 21,1906.

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Specification of Letters Patent Patented June 2, 1908.

Application filed December 21, 1906. Serial No. 348,977.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Ismon KITsEn, citizen ofthe United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraphy, of which thetfollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in telegraphy and has more special reference to the receiving device.

I have 'i'ound that if rapidly recurring or alternating impulses, such for instance as are produced with the aid oi 'an induction coil or converter, are transmitted over a cir cuit, one terminal of which consists of aluminium-preterably with a heavy film of and the other terminal consists of a non-oxidized material, such for instance as platinum, and a shunt is established around these terminals), impulses of one direction will llow through the circuit and the im ulses of opposite direction will flow throng the shunt. I

In my experiments, I had recourse besides others to an adjustable device consisting of a primary and secondary, the primary was, in some of the experiments, connected only to one dry cell, and with the aid of an interrupter, the circuit of the primary was ra idly made and broken. In the secondary, had an arrangement substantially such as described, that is, an aluminium pencil provided on its surface with a heavy oxid slightly touching a platinum pencil. In the shunt around these two pencils, I had a telephonic receiver and when the device was put in operation, the impulses in the receiver were such as are produced in the same through the making and breaking of a circuit, thus showing that a straight pulsatory current was {lowing through the phone. In some of the experiments, I substituted for the phone a galvanometer of the DArsonval type, and the needle was deflected in the same manner as if a straight current waspassing through the coil. 'lo find out how far impedance coils would retard the flow oi the current in the shunt and force both set of im )ulses to '1 flow through the straight circuit, had recourse to impedance coils and connected the same in series with the galvanometer. In one of the experiments, I-placed in the shunt. circuit in-connection with the galvanometer on each sideof the systein,--two impedance coils, each five thousand ohms andi'jorty four,

henries and still the needle gave a largedcfleet-ion. When air-gaps were introduced in the circuit, in a manner so that only a silent discharge was produced between two parts of the circuit, the needle gave still a comparatively large deflection. Vith one dry cell, the needle, without any air-gaps, gave over ten deflections with the impedances in the circuit. v

Having had occasion to make use of the well known siphon recorder of Lord Kelvin for other purposes and being aware that to work this instrument, a current giving less than ten deflections is able to operate the same, I inserted the rectangular coil of the recorder in the shunt and made the primary circuit with the aid of a telegra hic transmitting key, having the same 0 osed for a short period to denote a dot and a longer period to denote a dash, the vibratory device being always in the shunt, and the siphon recording on the paper a line, substantially as illustrated in Figure 2; that is, the siphon was deflected to one side of an imaginary zero line for a short time when a dot was transmitted and for a longer time when a dash was transmitted and recorded a short curve for a dot and a logger curve for a dash. In looking carefully over this record with a magnifying glass, it was found that the curved line was in reality composed of a large number of vibratory lines, thus showing that in reality the current was not an uninterrupted straight current, but was composed of a' great number of impulses flowing in the same direction, the time elapsing between one impulse and the succeeding impulse being too short to allow the siphon to return to its zero position.

Coming now to the practical ap lication of this invention and more especia y to its application in wireless telegraphy, I produced arrangements substantially as are illustrated in the' accompanying drawing, and I received electric waves, such as are produced through oscillations or with the aid of an inductorium, with the aid of a telephonic receiver, with the aid of a galvanometer and also with the aid of a siphon recorder. To distinguish the arrangement" placed in the circuit from otherarrangements, I call the same a dry asymmetric cell.

Referring to the drawing, Fig. 1' is a diagrammatic view oflpart'of'a'c'ircuit in eluding a dry asymmetric cell'and provided with a receiving arrangement. Fig. 2 is apartially diagrammatic and partially perspective view of a circuit including a dry asymmetric cell and a siphon recorder as receiver. trating partof a circuit with two branches, each branch provided with a dry asymmetric cell. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of one of the plates as illustrated in Fig. 2.

1 is the part of the circuit adapted to be ;connected to the aerial wire and 2 the circuit connected to the ground; 3 is the asymmetric cell as an entirety, of which 4 is one electrode, here representing an aluminium electrode and 5 is the opposite electrode. These electrodes may be in loose contact with each other, or may be separated from each other by a very slight air-ga 6 and 7 are the shunt wires; 8 is a te ephonic transmitter and 9 a siphon recorder.

In Fig. 3, 10 and 11 arethe two branches of-the receiving circuit, the branch 10 coniprising the dry asymmetric cell 3 and consisting of the e ectrodes 4 and 5; the branch 11 comprising the dry asymmetric cell 12 and comprising the electrodes 13 and 14. When, with this arrangement, aluminium and platinum electrodes are employed, the upper elec trode should inone branch consist oi aluminium and in the other branch of platinum; and the lower electrode should consist in the first branch of platinun i and in the second branch of aluminium.

In practicing this, my invention, in a wireless system of comparatively long distance, it is best to assemble a series of, what I call, dry asymmetric cells and place the series inthe receiving circuit; and 111 Fig. 2, the one asymmetric cell is replaced by a number of such cells connected in series as to each other. In testing this arran ement, I have found that it is best to have the film of oxid on the aluminium plates inforced and not to make too rigid connections between the arts 5 and the parts 4.

I ave stated above, that I had very good results from an asymmetric cell comprising, as electrodes, an oxidized aluminium and a non-oxidized platinum; but I will state right here that instead of the aluminium, heavily oxidized iron may be substituted. To produce a dry as mmetric cell, it is necessary that the two efectrodes should be separated from each other, preferably by a heavy film of oxid ofat least one of these metals; that is, this oXid film should be of comparatively high resistance to the passa e of an impulse in one direction, but should allow Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view inns-- the passage of an impulse in opposite direction.

The best results I have obtained were, when the two electrodes were'of dissimilar metal and Where the oxid of one of thesethe surface of the secondseries in its metallic state, the plates of one series alternating with the plates of the second series; a plate of one series connected to one terminal of the incoming circuit and a plate of the second series connected to the other terminal and means 0 eratively related. to said two series to trans ate the incoming impulses.

2. In wireless telegraphy, a detector com prising a series of metallic plates in loose contact with each other, part of said plates provided with oxidized surface and the surface of part of said plates in its metallic state; a plate with oxidized surface alternatin with a plate the surface of which is metaillic, a ground connection for one of said plates and an antenna for the other of said plates and a recorder shuntin all of said )lat s.

3. In wireless teIegraphy, .a etectorcomprising two series of metallic plates, the surface of one series oxidized, the surface of the other series in its metallic state; the plates of one series intervening between the plates of the second series, an antenna connected to a plate of one series and a ground connected with a plate of the second series, and means to translate the incoming impulses, said means comprising a shunt around both series of plates and a translating device in said shunt. v

In testimony whereof I allix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE. Witnesses:

MARY (1. SMITH, I ALvAir Rrr'rnuno'osn. 

